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“Post Independence India” Book

Pleased to share a book on “Post Independence India” by OakBridge Publishing, author, Atul Kulkarni, IPS

The book comprises developments that took place in Post Independence India. In order to facilitate a better understanding, the book attempts to provide a brief background that shaped the nature of Indian politics in the years following independence. Key features of the book are:

• Features developments that took place in India after independence
• Provides insights on political and territorial evolution of India
• Explains the policies and measures taken by various Prime ministers for nation-building
• Outlines the changes in Indian society in the wake of globalisation
• Provides sample questions, based on the latest pattern of UPSC
The book is embedded with Mind maps for quick revision.

The book is open for Pre-order on the link:

About Prelims

Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) is one of the many constitutional body in India. It is authorized to conduct competitive examinations and interviews for recruitment of civil services, defence services  and posts under the Union Government or Central Government.

Civil Services

Indian Civil Service serves as the backbone of Indian administrative machinery. Career in civil services offers prestigious opportunities and responsibilities. India’s best minds strive for entry into the All India Civil Services as IAS (Indian Administrative Service), IFS (Indian Forest Service) and IPS (Indian Police Service) officers.

CSAT (Prelims) Pattern

The Preliminary Examination consists of two papers of Objective type (multiple choice questions) and carry maximum of 400 marks. This exam is only a screening test; the marks obtained in the prelims are only for qualifying for main exam and are not counted for determining final order of merit.

Prelims Paper Duration Questions Marks
Paper I – General Studies 2 Hours 100 200
Paper II – Aptitude 2 Hours 80 200
Total     400

 

In General Studies Paper – II, minimum qualifying marks is 33%. You will be selected for Mains exam based total qualifying marks of General Studies Paper – I.

CSAT (Civil Services Aptitude Test) has two papers:

  1. General Studies
  2. General Ability Test

CSAT General Studies Paper 1 Syllabus

CSAT Paper I: 200 Marks; Duration: Two Hours; Number of Questions: 100

  1. Current Affairs: Events of national and international importance
  2. History of India and Indian National Movement
  3. Indian and World Geography: Physical, Social, Economic Geography of India and the World.
  4. Indian Polity and Governance: Constitution, Political System, Panchayati Raj, Public Policy, Rights Issues, etc.
  5. Economic and Social Development: Sustainable Development, Poverty, Inclusion, Demographics, Social Sector Initiatives, etc.
  6. General issues on Environmental Ecology, Bio-diversity and Climate Change (no subject specialization required)
  7. General Science

CSAT Paper-1 Analysis

Topic 2011 2012 2013 2014
History and Culture 13 20 15 21
Economy 18 12 18 6
Polity 17 25 18 13
Geography 11 11 14 15
Environment & Bio-diversity 22 23 22 21
Science & Technology 19 9 13 17
Current Affairs 7
Total 100 100 100 100

CSAT General Ability Test Paper 2 Syllabus

CSAT Paper II: 200 Marks; Duration: Two Hours; Number of Questions: 80

  1. Comprehension
  2. Interpersonal skills including communication skills
  3. Logical reasoning and analytical ability
  4. Decision making and problem solving
  5. General mental ability
  6. Basic numeracy (numbers and their relations, orders of magnitude etc.) (Class X level)
  7. Data Interpretation (charts, graphs, tables, data sufficiency etc. – Class X level)
  8. English Language Comprehension skills (Class X level)

Marking Scheme: Total 80 questions have 200 marks, thus each question is of 2.5 marks. There is a negative marking of 33% or 0.83 marks. Decision making section doesn’t have any negative marking.

Integrated Water Purification

Integrated Water Purification

Atul Kulkarni

 

This water purification technology is a complete solution to production of potable drinking water in any part of world especially in remote areas from water dissolved with solids –suspended matter. The water can be purified from river, lake, well, ground water. It has a simple installation and the output is a clean drinking water from any brackish water source or any high turbid water source.

 

 

 

External elements

8-20 photovoltaic modules

1-2 windmills

Internal elements

  • Feed pump for raw water
  • sand filter
  • Filtration onto a carton or pouch
  • Dosing pump for sodium hypochlorite ( bleach)
  • Reverse osmosis system for salt/saline / brine or brackish water
  • An output for ‘treated water’ towards the holding tank
  • Electrical control box
  • Energy storing batteries
  • Flexible holding tanks

 

Customised options

  • Ultra violet generator for bacterial disinfection
  • Manual plastic bagging unit for the storage and distribution of treated water.
  • Ice machine (from 150-450 kg per day)
  • Bottling line
  • PVC holding tanks
  • Drinking water fountains
  • Mineralization
  • Gasification

 

 

Brackish water Surface Water
Raw water source Borehole, drilling well, estuary River, well, lake
Treatment specification Organic and inorganic contamination. TDS <2000 ppm(mg/l). Turbidity < 10 NTU Organic and inorganic contamination. TDS < 900 ppm(mg/l). Turbidity < 50 NTU
Quality of produced water Potable water-WHO recommendation Potable water-WHO recommendation
Production capacity 1,100 l/hr-7 m3/j 1,000 l/hr-7 m3/j
Pre-filtration Multi-layered –centrifugal system Multi-layered –centrifugal system
Membrane technology Reverse osmosis Ultra-filtration
Feed pump raw water Suction device 2,300 Vh maximum -25m 2,300 Vh maximum -25m
Energy Supply 5000 W 2820 W
Energy consumption 2.55 KW 1.1 KW
Optional features Submersible pumps

UV sterilisers

PVC Agro holding tanks

Submersible pumps

UV sterilisers

PVC Agro holding tanks